In Toronto in 1887, electric lights and telephone poles were just arriving on the city streets, asphalt was being used for roads, streetcars were finally allowed to travel on Sundays and McMaster University was being founded. The horses living and working in Toronto then numbered over 7,000 and they were vital to all the workings of the city. That same year, there were only six drinking fountains for horses in all of Toronto and it was the plight of the working horses that spurred the very creation of the Toronto Humane Society. The organization worked to secure hundreds of drinking fountains, helped to stop the overloading of horse-drawn streetcars and wagons, and improved the quality of life for all of the horses working in Toronto.

One hundred twenty-nine years later in Canada, horses are still being used for city tours in Vancouver’s Stanley Park, Victoria, Quebec City and Old Montreal. Montreal has been in the news most recently as the Canadian ground zero for the debate over its famous calèche horses. In the United States, although many major cities including Palm Beach, Las Vegas and Santa Fe have banned them, New York continues to be the hot spot for the fight to ban horse-drawn carriages. The current New York City mayor, Bill de Blasio, campaigned that he would put a stop to the famous carriages in Manhattan. Celebrities like Lea Michelle, Martha Stewart and Alec Baldwin have joined PETA and the group NY-Class in its fight to replace the horses with antique cars despite the failure of the mayor to come through on his campaign promises.

Now, the concern for the horses left pulling carriages for tourists in cities is the responsibility of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA). Animal rights groups and many animal activists have continued to plead the case to politicians and drivers of horses that live and work in urban jungles filled with noise, pollution and fast moving traffic.

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