The rules on how tight a horse’s noseband should be in equestrian sports are unclear, but research is showing that they need to be loosened.

Equine Self-Mutilation Syndrome is a type of stereotypy like cribbing, weaving, stall-walking or lip-flapping, generally associated with compromised welfare

Equine psychologist Antonia J.Z. Henderson, Ph.D. explains the reasons why your horse may be pawing and what you can do to prevent this unwanted behaviour.